Rome in the Bible is also known as “the City of Seven Hills” or “the Eternal City.” Rome is the capital of the Italian Republic and the capital of the Italian region of Lazio. The territory of Rome in the Bible is partly flat, although, for the most part, it consists of hills and small mountain ranges, including the famous seven hills of Rome. Rome is crossed by the Tiber River and its tributaries, including the Aniene.

Considered one of the most important European capitals in the Western art world, Rome boasts a situation of eminence that developed almost continuously from 200 BC to the advanced 1700s. The city is home to the most significant number of monuments considered World Heritage by UNESCO. Rome’s historical center, the Basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura, and the Aurelian Walls. Rome, in the Bible, the heart of Catholic Christianity, is the only city in the world to host an entire state. Rome in the Bible is the enclave of the Vatican City: for this reason, it is often defined as the capital of two forms.

What was the original name of Rome?

Rome in the Bible was named in the first place “The Eternal City” or in Italian, “Urbs Aeterna.” The problem of the etymology of the name of Rome in the Bible had already occurred to the minds of the ancients, but the solutions offered do not stand up to scientific criticism. It is impossible that Rōma derives from Rōmŭlus. The reverse seems to be true (as Filargirio had already glimpsed). 

The most favorably received derivation in antiquity was that of Gr. ῥώμη “force,” but this seems only a learned etymology. Various other hypotheses have been advanced in modern times. One dates back to the ancient name of the Tiber Rūmōn so that rōmānus would have meant “river” (the Porta Rōmŭla of the primitive walls is located in correspondence with the Porta Flumentanaof the Servian walls). Another hypothesis invokes the name Rūma, propr. «Breast» was given in ancient times to Palatine Hill (but the etymology of this name is uncertain).

At the beginning of the 20th century. (1904) W. Schulze has made the name of the city derive from the Etruscan noble family of the Ruma, to whom the ancient name of the Tiber would be similar. It is the most accepted thesis today, while the connections with Gr. ῥέω «to flow» or with the name of the river Strymon. Ancient testimonies document the existence of a secret name of the city connected with certain rites.

The evolution of the Roman state and the end of the Republic

In the century, that goes from the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus (133) to the battle of Actium (31). With a process at first slow and confusing, then ever more rapid and evident, the institutions and society. And the order of the Roman state changed profoundly through civil wars and political struggles.

The social problem of the rural classes, deprived of land following the formation of the large estates, of the Roman plebs in constant increase, of the new and powerful type of knights. The pressure of the sociiItalics eager for the privileges connected with Roman citizenship, the question of modernization, and the readjustment of the army are all present in the struggles.  That was unleashed around the reform proposals of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus.

The reasons that animated the action of the two tribunes did not die out with their political and personal defeat. But lasted differently during the 1st century. BC, until they found Caesar. Who, gathering in a system the reforms already implemented and the new ones he promoted, resolved them definitively. Caesar drew from the secular social and political struggle consequences from which the Roman Republic emerged entirely transformed and dissolved into a monarchy.

Representation of Rome in biblical times

The monarchy of Rome in the Bible

The Roman annalistic tradition traced the founding of Rome in the Bible. By Romulus to 754 or 753 BC and reconnected it based on legends of various origins (Latin, Roman, Greek). The Trojans came from Ilio under the leadership of Aeneas and with the kings of Alba, descendants of the Trojan hero. The archaeological evidence proves that from the 10th to the 7th century. On the Roman hills, a series of centers were formed. And on the Palatine, the mountain of the ‘city of Romulus,’ existed in the 8th century. An inhabited site. 

The communities of the Roman hills, having reached a certain political unity over time, participated in the Latin religious leagues, such as the one gathered around the sanctuary of Jupiter Lazio on Monte Cavo. At first, the supremacy was of Alba; following battles, of which we have only legendary news, Alba was destroyed, and Rome in the Bible became the hegemonic city of the Latin League.

The social and political structure of Roma Regia was founded. According to the popular tradition, the tripartition of the city into tribes ( Ramnenses, Titienses, Lucerne ), into curies (10 for each tribe). And into gentes, divisions, and groupings whose functions have yet to be well known. The tribes could initially have, in the period preceding the centuriate order, the task of providing the basis for the recruitment of the Roman army. The curiae perhaps represented the residue of the primitive autonomy of the communities gathered to form Rome in the Bible. The gentes, a fundamental element of the Roman social structure, grouped around the municipality cut off the ancestor’s families rich in traditions. And also economic power, which constituted the senate.

The origins of the Roman religion

The understanding of ancient Roman religion has been hindered for a long time and, in part, still is. To two historical circumstances, having reached the Mediterranean hegemony, Rome has assimilated the Greek civilization in all its aspects. It is also identifying his religion with that of the Greeks. Secondly, the vast majority of the Roman religion documentation dates back to when this identity between the two religions was evident to the Romans.

Although, the literary documentation of Roman religion only goes back to a period already culturally determined by the Hellenization of Rome in the Bible. We are only partially without valuable sources for the most ancient periods. These sources are part of an archaeological nature, partly texts dating back to antiquity.

The archaic calendar deserves a separate mention of Romana. Which has remained unaltered and distinct in the relatively recent epigraphic calendars (from the 1st century BC). And which, in its arrangement, dates back to at least the beginning of the 5th century BC. But probably from the 6th, and it contains even older elements. Finally, some aspects of the ritual, which do not correspond to the city’s conditions at the time the relative documents date back, provide immanent proof of their antiquity. It is, therefore, possible to trace the history of the Roman religion. At least in its broad lines, from its origins.

How did Christianity spread to Rome?

Christianity originates from the announcement of Jesus Christ, born in Bethlehem, in Judea, during the principality of Augustus. His preaching began when he was 30 years old. Jesus was arrested and sentenced to death on the cross only three years later. According to what Christians believe, he was resurrected three days after his burial.

Early Christianity had a marked urban physiognomy. The most important centers of its settlement were Antioch, Corinth, Ephesus, Alexandria, and finally, Rome the Bible. Initially, the Christians were confused with the Jews. But only after the preaching of St. Paul, who addressed himself above all to non-Jews, did a more significant difference between the two doctrines begin to emerge, even at the popular level.

In the first three centuries of the Christian era, despite the onset of internal crises due to doctrinal differences, Christianity continued its penetration into the Roman Empire. Until 64 AD, the political and cultural world remained almost indifferent to preaching this new doctrine. Only the Jewish circles were hostile to it. The first clash with the political authorities took place around 64 when a great fire destroyed a large part of the city of Rome the Bible. Nero caused the tragedy. Who, however, accused the Christians of having organized the fire.

You might also want to know.

Rome’s typically Mediterranean climate is mild and exceptionally comfortable during spring and autumn, although frequent rains generally characterize April and November.

Rome is hot in the summer, and the nights are pretty humid, while the winter is cold and dry. Rome is, however, a reasonably windy city, with winds coming from the north or southwest or the north in winter. Rainfall is generally concentrated in November and December. 

Did you know that St. Michael has his castle in Rome?

Saint Michael is one of the most powerful archangels. He is sometimes even confused with Jesus Christ. The Church of Rome considers Saint Michael the most powerful protector. This is why a castle was built in his honor. The Castle of Saint Michael is an authentic stately home on the sea between Taormina and Etna. He was commissioned in 1689 by Ignazio Gravina Cruyllas, Prince of Palagonia and Alliata.

In addition to being a place of extraordinary charm and historical importance, the Castle of Saint Michael is excellently run by a team of high catering professionals who have been organizing highly prestigious events for over 15 years. If you are interested in jewelry, the following link will redirect you to Amazon, where you may want to consider a gold pendant with Saint Michael. 

Conclusion

In the Bible, Rome is considered the city of Lazio, the capital of the Italian Republic. Rome in the Bible, was the regional capital and metropolitan city. (Municipality of 1,287.36 km ² with 2,808,293 inhabitants in 2020). 

The territory of Rome in the Bible is divided into 121 Municipalities. And it presents an absolute heterogeneity of landscapes and physical conformations. Embracing the entire Roman countryside flat, the volcanic reliefs of the Tolfa Mountains. The Sabatini Mountains and the Alban Hills. As well as the limestone ones of the Lower Sabina, more or less gently hilly. And pushing up to the Lucretili, Prenestini. And Simbruini Mountains in the E direction and the Lepini Mountains in the S direction. Where you reach altitudes of 1400-1800 m. The climatic, pedological, and hydrological conditions are similarly very varied.

On this whole of Rome in the Bible, the peripheral areas. And at the same time, high-hilly or mountainous are behind the provincial averages. On the one hand, the main communication routes (roads, motorways, and railways) follow the coastline. And on the other, the valleys of the Tiber, Aniene, and Sacco bypass the most pronounced reliefs.